According to the second law of thermodynamics, energy flows in which direction?

The second law of thermodynamics states that in any energy transfer or transformation, the total entropy of an isolated system can only increase over time. This principle implies that energy tends to disperse or spread out, transitioning from higher concentrations to lower concentrations. Therefore, energy flows "from high to low."

This is observed in many natural processes, such as heat flow from a hot object to a cooler one, which continues until thermal equilibrium is reached. The concept of entropy also ties into this idea, where systems in higher energy states are less stable and the natural tendency is to move towards a state of greater disorder or lower energy density.

Understanding this principle is crucial in various fields of science, as it governs not only thermodynamics but also biological processes, ecological dynamics, and even technological applications. Thus, the notion that energy flows "from high to low" aligns perfectly with the foundational ideas of energy distribution and entropy in thermodynamic systems.