During which stage of meiosis does recombination occur?

Recombination, also known as crossing over, occurs during prophase 1 of meiosis. In this stage, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material. This process is crucial for increasing genetic diversity in the gametes produced through meiosis. It allows for new combinations of alleles, which enhance variation in offspring, a key factor in evolution and adaptation.

During prophase 1, the chromosomes condense, and the nuclear membrane breaks down. The homologous chromosomes form pairs in a process called synapsis, and then segments of DNA are exchanged. This is distinct from the other stages listed, where the primary functions involve the separation of chromosomes or chromatids rather than the recombination of genetic material.