What genetic mutation leads to the presence of extra fingers or toes?

Polydactyly is the condition characterized by the presence of extra fingers or toes and is a result of a genetic mutation that affects the development of the limbs. This mutation can occur in various ways, including but not limited to the disruption of the regulatory genes involved in limb development. It is often inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that only one copy of the mutated gene from an affected parent can result in the condition in the offspring.

The other conditions mentioned do not relate to the development of extra digits. For instance, Tay Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that leads to the degeneration of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, hemophilia is a disorder affecting blood clotting due to a deficiency in clotting factors, and albinism is characterized by a lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to mutations affecting melanin production. These conditions represent different aspects of genetic mutations and their effects on human physiology, but none are associated with polydactyly.