What is gene linkage?

Gene linkage refers to the phenomenon where genes that are located close to each other on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together during the process of meiosis. This occurs because the chances of crossing over—the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes—are lower for genes that are situated close together, meaning that they are more likely to stay together when chromosomes are segregated into gametes.

This proximity results in a higher likelihood of these genes being passed on to the next generation in the same combination they were inherited, which is significant in understanding inheritance patterns in genetics. Observing how linked genes behave can provide insights into genetic mapping and the physical structure of chromosomes.

The other options do not accurately reflect the concept of gene linkage. Genes that are far apart on a chromosome (as indicated in another choice) would have a higher chance of being separated during crossing over, thus they are less likely to be inherited together. The expression of dominance concerns the ability of one allele to mask the effect of another, which is a different aspect of heredity. Likewise, genes responsible for different traits may not necessarily be linked or inherited together, as they could be located on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome.