What occurs in the zone of elongation in plant roots?

In the zone of elongation in plant roots, the primary activity is the lengthening of newly formed cells. This zone is located behind the root tip and is crucial for the growth of the root as it allows the root to extend deeper into the soil. As cells within this zone absorb water, they expand and elongate, which contributes to the overall growth of the root system. This elongation process is essential for the uptake of nutrients and water from the soil, facilitating the plant's growth and stability.

While the other processes listed, such as cell differentiation and cell division, are also important in different areas of root growth, they specifically occur in distinct regions of the root. The zone of elongation is focused particularly on the active elongation of cells that have already been formed and are still primary for the root’s growth direction and penetrating the soil. This specialization of functions in various root zones exemplifies the complexity of plant growth and development.