What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons?

A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons. This type of bond typically occurs between nonmetals and allows each atom to attain a more stable electronic configuration, often resembling that of the noble gases. Each shared pair of electrons constitutes a covalent bond, which can vary in strength and length depending on the number of shared electron pairs—single, double, or triple bonds can form depending on how many pairs are shared.

In contrast, other types of bonds involve different mechanisms for achieving stability. An ionic bond arises from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. A metallic bond involves a “sea of electrons” shared among a lattice of metal atoms, resulting in properties like malleability and electrical conductivity. A hydrogen bond is a weaker attraction that occurs between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom, like oxygen or nitrogen, and another electronegative atom.

Thus, the correct identification of a covalent bond emphasizes the significance of electron sharing in chemical bonding and how it differs fundamentally from other bond types.