What type of isolation is described as physical separation between populations?

Habitat isolation refers to a scenario where populations are physically separated due to different habitats or environments within the same geographical area. This separation can occur even if the populations are in close proximity; they simply do not interact because they occupy different ecological niches or environments. As a result, interbreeding is prevented because the members of these populations do not encounter each other.

In the context of speciation, habitat isolation can significantly contribute to the development of new species, as the distinct environments may lead to different evolutionary pressures and adaptations over time. This form of isolation emphasizes the importance of ecological factors in the evolutionary process, illustrating how physical barriers can play a critical role in maintaining species boundaries and facilitating divergence.