Which genetic disorder is categorized as having an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern and affects neurological functions?

Tay Sachs disease is recognized as an autosomal recessive genetic disorder, primarily affecting neurological functions. This disorder results from a deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A, leading to the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in the brain and nervous system. The consequences of this buildup are severe and include the progressive deterioration of mental and physical abilities, typically beginning in infancy.

In autosomal recessive inheritance, a child must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to express the disorder. Carriers, who possess only one copy of the mutation, usually do not show symptoms but can pass the gene to their offspring. This inheritance pattern is crucial in understanding Tay Sachs, especially in certain populations where the carrier rate may be higher.

By contrast, other genetic disorders mentioned in the options have different inheritance patterns or do not primarily affect neurological functions. Phenylketonuria is autosomal recessive as well but affects metabolic processing rather than directly impacting the nervous system in the same way. Albinism also follows an autosomal recessive pattern but primarily affects pigmentation and vision rather than neurological development. Polydactyly, on the other hand, is typically autosomal dominant and affects limb formation, thus not fitting the criteria for