Which stage follows the pioneer plant stage in ecological succession?

The stage that follows the pioneer plant stage in ecological succession is composed of intermediate species. In primary succession, pioneer plants are the first organisms to colonize a barren environment, such as bare rock or newly formed volcanic islands. These organisms are typically hardy species that can thrive in harsh conditions and help establish the first layer of soil through their interactions with the environment.

Once the pioneer plants have established themselves, the ecosystem begins to change as conditions improve. More nutrient-rich soil forms, allowing for a wider variety of plant species to take root. Intermediate species, which often include shrubs and young trees, start to replace the pioneers. These species require more favorable conditions than what the pioneers can tolerate and can help support a more complex food web, thereby increasing biodiversity.

As ecological succession progresses, these intermediate stages play a crucial role in transforming the environment further until eventually reaching the climax community, where species diversity stabilizes. This process illustrates how ecosystems grow and change over time, ultimately leading to a mature and diverse ecological community.